Constructors:
- A constructor is a special method that is called when an object is created.
- It is used to initialize the object’s fields or perform any necessary setup.
- Constructors have the same name as the class and do not have a return type.
Example:
class Person
{
public string name;
public int age;
// Constructor
public Person(string n, int a)
{
name = n;
age = a;
}
public void SayHello()
{
Console.WriteLine(“Hello, my name is ” + name + ” and I am ” + age + ” years old.”);
}
}
Person person2 = new Person(“Alice”, 30);
person2.SayHello(); // Output: Hello, my name is Alice and I am 30 years old.
Access Modifiers:
- Access modifiers define the visibility and accessibility of class members (fields, methods, constructors) from outside the class.
- The main access modifiers in C# are public, private, protected, and internal.
Example:
class Person
{
public string name; // Accessible from anywhere
private int age; // Accessible only within the class
protected string address; // Accessible within the class and derived classes
internal string phone; // Accessible within the same assembly
// …
}
Inheritance:
- Inheritance is a mechanism that allows a class (derived class) to inherit the properties and methods of another class (base class).
- The derived class extends the base class and can add new members or override existing ones.
- It promotes code reuse and facilitates the creation of class hierarchies.
Example:
class Student : Person
{
public string studentId;
public Student(string n, int a, string id)
: base(n, a)
{
studentId = id;
}
// Additional methods and fields specific to the Student class
}
Classes and objects form the building blocks of object-oriented programming in C